95-15: Reclaimed Water as Cooling Tower Makeup for Refinery/PetrochemicalThe use of Title 22 Reclaimed Sewage Plant Effluent as Cooling Tower Make up in Place of Fresh water is an important milestone. Its use, in place of fresh water, requires critical considerations for successful and economical applications. The details of how reuse should be considered, how it has been evaluated, and the required treatment considerations are provided in this presentation.

our environment

This paper reports performance data and describes mechanisms for the following functions: 1) the control of microbial populations to very low levels

in which new and existing compounds can be more consistently evaluated

water corrosion control agent is reviewed

This paper traces the history of these fill designs while providing guidelines as to the proper fill selection

This paper will discuss the analysis of these waters and instrumentation that allows careful monitoring to be achieved

techniques have been developed to assess and determine cooling water leakage

Effective microbiological control can be achieved by monitoring microbial levels as well as actual micro biocide treatment levels

the states tended to set standards that favored existing uses

brackish makeup and zero discharge

The data presented includes some little-known work on in-situ pitting corrosion measurements featuring proton-induced characteristic x-ray emission and D

or cycled make-up